Operation of Different Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Modules for the Treatment of High-Strength Wastewater to Enhance the Recovery of Clean Water—A Case Study in Bac Ninh, Vietnam

In this study, a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Vietnam receiving high-strength with COD of about 30,000 mg/L and various heavy metals from industries was treated by different RO membrane modules order to meet the stringent national discharge standard recover for reuse. The Fenton coagulation pre-treatments were employed based on optimal conditions, which experimentally pre-determined. For system, two-stage plate frame (PFRO) followed spiral wound (SPRO) obtain high-quality permeate, while high-pressure PFRO (HP PFRO) module recovery concentrated streams unit. As result, significant removal efficiency 99.62% achieved SPRO module. metal concentrations (i.e., Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr) measured output mostly met standards levels. A decrease electrical conductivity (EC) below 250 µS/cm achieved. addition, high rates water 63%, HP 9–12%, > 80–90%). thus suitable reuse purposes. This study highlights feasibility membranes practical provides valuable data WWTP operator.